Account Structure
Clean structure is the foundation. A messy account fragments data, confuses the algorithm, and makes optimisation nearly impossible.
Google's AI-driven bidding systems learn from conversion data. The more consolidated your account structure, the more data each campaign accumulates, and the better the algorithm performs. Accounts with too many campaigns chasing the same goal split their signal, starve the algorithm, and spend more to achieve less. In 2026, the right structure is fewer campaigns with clearer roles — not granular segmentation that made sense in the manual bidding era.
Google introduced the Power Pack at Google Marketing Live 2025 — combining Performance Max, Demand Gen, and AI Max for Search. It replaces the old Power Pair model and represents how Google now recommends running accounts. Understanding each campaign type's role prevents overlap, budget waste, and conflicting signals.
| Level | Format | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Campaign | [Type] | [Goal] | [Product / Audience] | Search | Brand | Core Terms |
| Campaign | [Type] | [Goal] | [Product / Audience] | PMax | Shopping | Top Margin SKUs |
| Ad Group | [Category] — [Intent] | Fragrance — Purchase Intent |
| Asset Group | [Product Line] — [Audience Signal] | Oud Collection — Past Purchasers |
Every strategy in this playbook depends on accurate conversion tracking. PMax, tROAS, smart bidding, AI Max — all are only as good as the data you feed them. Garbage conversion tracking means the algorithm optimises toward the wrong outcomes and never exits the learning phase cleanly.
Use Google Ads Native Conversion Tracking
Google Ads native tracking captures more events than GA4 imports due to different attribution models. Connect both but treat Google Ads native tags as your primary source for bidding signals.
Pass Revenue Value on Every Purchase
Pass the actual order value on every conversion, not a fixed placeholder. This is what enables tROAS bidding to function correctly. If your Purchase event passes £1 every time regardless of order size, tROAS is bidding blind.
Enable Enhanced Conversions
Enhanced conversions match hashed first-party data to Google's user graph, recovering conversions lost to browser restrictions. Accounts running enhanced conversions see 15–25% more purchase events reported. Set up via Google Tag Manager.
One Primary Conversion Action Per Campaign
Multiple conversion actions in one campaign confuse the algorithm. Set Purchase as your primary action for ecommerce. Add to Cart and Begin Checkout should be secondary only — observed, not optimised toward.
Search Campaigns
The highest-intent channel in paid media. People searching for your product are already in a buying mindset. The query-level transparency Search provides is something PMax will never give you.
Search campaigns remain the foundation of any Google Ads account in 2026. While PMax handles scale and automation across channels, Search gives you query-level transparency, keyword control, and brand protection. Running Search and PMax together consistently outperforms either in isolation — Search campaigns have higher conversion rates when both are eligible for the same queries, and the data from Search informs the algorithm running PMax.
Brand Campaign
Always On, Always Separate
Your brand campaign captures people searching your brand name — your highest-converting queries. Keep them in a dedicated campaign so budget is never competed away by non-brand terms. Apply brand exclusions to your PMax campaign to prevent cannibalisation.
- Exact and phrase match brand terms only
- Target impression share 90%+ — dominate your own brand
- Exclude from PMax via brand exclusion lists
- Manual CPC or target impression share bidding
Non-Brand Campaign
Category and Intent Terms
Captures people searching for what you sell without knowing your brand. Higher CPCs, lower CVRs than brand, but essential for new customer acquisition. Structure by product category or intent level.
- Broad match with Smart Bidding — Google's 2026 recommendation
- Phrase match for specific high-value terms requiring more control
- Account-level negative keyword list applied at all times
- tROAS bidding once 50+ conversions/month established
| Match Type | How It Works in 2026 | Recommendation | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broad Match | Matches related searches, synonyms, and intent signals beyond exact wording. Significantly expanded in recent years. | Primary — always pair with tROAS or tCPA | Scale, discovery, non-brand campaigns |
| Phrase Match | Matches queries containing your phrase in order, with words before or after | Selective — for specific high-value terms | Category terms requiring more control |
| Exact Match | Matches close variants of the exact term only | Brand terms and highest-intent queries only | Brand campaign defence |
Quality Score is Google's 1–10 rating of your ad relevance. A higher score means lower CPCs and better ad positions for the same bid. A score of 10 can reduce CPC by up to 50% vs a score of 5. A score of 1 can increase CPC by 400%. It is calculated across three components — low performance on any of them costs money on every single click.
| Asset Type | Best Practice | What to Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Headlines (up to 15) | Include keyword in at least 3. Mix: brand name, benefit, offer, urgency, social proof, product name | Repetition. Vague phrases like "Shop Now" used as a headline with no context. |
| Descriptions (up to 4) | Expand on headlines. Address objections, include USPs, end with a CTA. Use all 90 characters. | Repeating headline content. Leaving descriptions short without reason. |
| Pinning | Pin your brand name to position 1. Pin a strong USP or offer to position 2 if critical. | Over-pinning. Pins reduce Google's testing ability and can hurt Ad Strength. |
Shopping & PMax
Performance Max accounts for 62% of all Google ad clicks in 2026. Understanding how to structure, feed, and control it is the difference between efficient scaling and wasted budget.
Performance Max is not a set-and-forget campaign. It is a mirror — it amplifies whatever you feed it. Good strategy, clean feed, strong creative assets, and proper audience signals produce strong results. A single catch-all campaign with weak assets and no signals produces mediocre results regardless of budget. The brands winning with PMax treat it as an active system to guide, not a passive automation to trust blindly.
| Feed Attribute | Why It Matters | Optimisation Action |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Primary signal Google uses to match your product to search queries | Lead with the most important keywords: [Brand] + [Product Type] + [Key Attribute]. Front-load the first 70 characters. |
| Description | Secondary matching signal and ad copy for Shopping | Include product benefits, key specs, and use case. Write for the customer, not just for crawlers. |
| Images | Determines CTR in Shopping results | White background for Shopping placements. Lifestyle images for PMax asset groups. Minimum 7 images including one at 1200x1200. |
| Custom Labels | Allows segmentation by business criteria — margin, seasonality, performance tier | Label by margin tier, bestseller status, seasonal relevance. Use to structure asset groups intelligently. |
| GTIN / MPN | Improves product matching accuracy and Shopping eligibility | Always include for branded products. Missing GTINs reduce eligibility and limit impression volume. |
Campaign 1
Top SKUs by Margin
Your highest-margin products in a dedicated PMax campaign. Higher tROAS target. Enable Customer Acquisition Goal to bias toward new customers.
- Top 20% of SKUs by margin
- Custom label: margin-tier = high
- tROAS: 500%+ where margin supports it
- 60–80% of total PMax budget
Campaign 2
Remaining Catalogue
Broader catalogue at a more conservative tROAS. Protects blended margin while maintaining impression coverage across your full product range.
- All SKUs not in Campaign 1
- tROAS: 350–400% as a conservative baseline
- Monitor channel split — Shopping should be 60–80%
- 20–30% of total PMax budget
Standard Shopping
Brand + Data Gathering
Manual CPC control for brand queries and zero-impression SKUs. Use Standard Shopping to build click data on new products before adding to PMax.
- Brand terms — manual CPC, priority: High
- New or zero-impression SKUs — Maximise Clicks
- Clearance or low-margin products
- Set campaign priority High to override PMax on brand
Brand Exclusions
Apply brand exclusion lists at campaign level to prevent PMax bidding on brand terms. Without this, PMax bids aggressively on brand queries — they convert easily — and inflates your reported ROAS while contributing nothing to actual new customer acquisition.
Campaign-Level Negative Keywords
Available since January 2025 — up to 10,000 per PMax campaign. Use immediately. Exclude irrelevant intent terms, competitor brand names you don't want to appear for, and known waste queries from your Search term history.
Asset Group Segmentation
Create separate asset groups for different product lines or audience signals. One catch-all asset group produces generic ad combinations. Segmented asset groups produce relevant ones that match products to audiences properly.
Monitor Channel Split
Check the Insights tab regularly. In a healthy ecommerce PMax campaign, 60–80% of spend should flow to Shopping. If Display or YouTube is eating disproportionate budget, your Shopping feed needs work — the algorithm gravitates to awareness channels when the feed is weak.
Customer Acquisition Goal
Enable "Bid more for new customers" to instruct PMax to pay a premium for new buyer acquisition. Without this, PMax over-indexes on existing customers who were going to buy anyway, masking true acquisition efficiency in reported ROAS.
PMax requires 30+ conversions per month before tROAS functions efficiently. Below this, use Maximise Conversion Value without a tROAS target. Google recommends a 3-week runway and 60-conversion threshold before any tROAS or budget edits. Consolidate changes — batch edits, not daily tweaks. Patience is the most underrated PMax optimisation lever.
Audiences & Remarketing
In Google Ads, audiences are guidance signals, not restrictions. Used correctly they make bidding smarter, creative more relevant, and spend more efficient.
Google's audience system has two distinct uses. In Search and Standard Shopping, audiences are bid modifiers — you bid more or less based on who is searching. In PMax, audience signals are suggestions to the AI: you are showing the algorithm what high-value customers look like so it can find similar people faster. Understanding this distinction prevents the common mistake of treating PMax audience signals like Meta targeting.
| Audience | Source | Primary Use | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Customer Match — All Purchasers | CRM or Klaviyo export (email, phone) | PMax signals, Search bid modifier | Highest-quality signal. Teach PMax what a buyer looks like. |
| Customer Match — High Value | Top 20% of customers by LTV | PMax signals only | Signal for new customer acquisition — find people like your best buyers. |
| Site Visitors — All | Google tag — all pages | RLSA bid modifier, PMax signal | Bid higher on Search for visitors already familiar with the brand. |
| Cart Abandoners | Google tag — AddToCart event | RLSA, Remarketing campaign | Highest-intent remarketing segment. Separate budget, aggressive bids. |
| In-Market Segments | Google's audience database | PMax signals, Demand Gen | People actively researching your product category — supplementary signal. |
Recommended Bid Adjustments
- Cart abandoners: +40–60% — highest intent, closest to purchase
- Past purchasers: +20–30% — repeat purchase potential
- Site visitors (0–7 days): +15–25%
- Site visitors (8–30 days): +5–10%
- No prior visit: Baseline bid, no adjustment
Remarketing Windows
- Hot (cart/checkout abandon): 1–7 days, daily frequency acceptable
- Warm (product page views): 7–30 days
- Cold (any site visit): 30–90 days, lower bids justified
- Exclude recent purchasers (14-day window) from all acquisition campaigns
Bidding Strategy
Smart bidding outperforms manual by 38% on average — but only when you have the data and the patience to let it work properly.
Around 70% of all Google Ads spend now flows through automated bidding strategies. The era of manual keyword-level bid management is over for most accounts. The question in 2026 is not whether to use smart bidding, but which strategy to use, when to switch, and how to set targets calibrated to your actual margin structure rather than aspirational goals.
| Strategy | Use When | Avoid When | Ecommerce Fit |
|---|---|---|---|
| tROAS | 50+ conversions/month, revenue tracked per order | New campaigns with no conversion history | Primary — optimises for revenue efficiency |
| Maximise Conversion Value | Launching new campaigns, insufficient tROAS history | Once stable tROAS history exists to reference | Starting point before switching to tROAS |
| tCPA | Single-price products, uniform-value conversions | Variable order values — treats all conversions as equal | Limited use for ecommerce |
| Maximise Conversions | Very new campaigns under 30 conversions/month | Any account with sufficient conversion volume | Temporary only — no value optimisation |
| Manual CPC | Brand impression share defence, new product data gathering | Scale campaigns — cannot react to real-time signals | Tactical only |
Calculate Break-Even ROAS First
Your tROAS floor is your break-even point. If average gross margin is 40%, break-even ROAS is 250% (1 / 0.4). Your target must sit above this. Set based on margin reality, not competitor benchmarks or aspirational goals.
Start at Your Current ROAS
Pull actual ROAS from the last 30 days. Set your tROAS target at that level or 10% above. This gives the algorithm a realistic target it can achieve while gathering data. Setting an aspirational target starves the campaign of impressions.
Increase in 10–20% Increments
Once the campaign consistently hits target for 2+ weeks, increase tROAS by 10–20% and wait another 2 weeks before the next increase. Every upward adjustment trades volume for efficiency — make it consciously.
Never Edit During Learning
Any significant budget change, tROAS adjustment, or campaign edit triggers a new 3-week learning phase. Batch changes rather than making daily tweaks. One well-considered edit every 2–3 weeks is more effective than continuous micro-optimisation.
Smart Bidding Exploration lets you set a flexible ROAS range (e.g. primary tROAS 400%, exploration floor 350%). The algorithm uses the headroom to discover new query categories at slightly lower returns. Accounts using this feature see an average 18% increase in unique converting query categories and 19% more total conversions. Recommended for campaigns with 3+ months of stable history and 50+ conversions/month.
Creative & Assets
PMax is only as good as what you feed it. Creative is the primary input you control — the algorithm chooses combinations, but you decide the quality of what it has to work with.
Google's Asset Studio now generates images and video inside Google Ads using AI. Auto-generated assets are fine for generic lifestyle imagery but consistently underperform custom creative, especially for brands with a specific visual identity. Stores that add video to their PMax asset groups see 25–40% better performance — even a 15-second product demo shot on a phone outperforms a slideshow auto-generated from product images.
| Asset Type | Minimum | Recommended | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Images — Landscape (1.91:1) | 1 | 5+ | Lifestyle outperforms plain product on Display and YouTube placements |
| Images — Square (1:1) | 1 | 5+ | At least one 1200x1200. Used across multiple placement types. |
| Images — Portrait (4:5) | 0 | 3+ | Essential for YouTube vertical and Discover placements — don't skip these |
| Videos | 0 | 3+ | Provide horizontal (16:9), vertical (9:16), and square (1:1). Without video Google auto-generates — always avoid this. |
| Headlines | 3 | 5 | Vary length and angle. Include brand name, product type, and key benefit across the set. |
| Descriptions | 2 | 4 | Expand on headlines. Include USPs, trust signals, and a clear CTA. |
Always Active
Core Assets
- Sitelinks — 4+ linking to key category and product pages
- Callouts — USPs like "Free Returns", "Next Day Delivery", "UK Made"
- Structured Snippets — product categories, collections, types
- Image Assets — product and lifestyle shots across all placements
Ecommerce Priority
Conversion Assets
- Price Assets — show product prices directly in the ad unit
- Promotion Assets — sale events, seasonal offers, limited drops
- Seller Ratings — requires Google Customer Reviews setup
- Business Name and Logo — brand consistency across Search
Quality Signals
Supporting Assets
- Location — if you have a physical presence or showroom
- Call — for phone-driven or high-consideration purchases
- Dynamic Assets — Google pulls from landing page, review quarterly
- Lead Form — for email capture campaigns alongside product ads
"Auto-generated creative is not the same as custom creative. Never let Google create your assets by default — provide video in all three ratios and treat creative quality as the primary PMax lever you actually control."
Analytics & Optimisation
What to measure, how to read Google's data honestly, and the monthly review process that keeps performance compounding.
Google Ads platform attribution is inflated by default. Google's last-click and data-driven models take credit for conversions that would have happened anyway — particularly on brand campaigns and remarketing. Always cross-reference platform ROAS with GA4 and your Shopify revenue. The number that matters is blended MER (Marketing Efficiency Ratio): total revenue divided by total ad spend, not the ROAS figure inside any single platform.
| Metric | Brand Search | Non-Brand Search | PMax | What Low Numbers Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROAS | 10x+ | 3–6x | 4–8x | Bid strategy misconfigured or audience signals weak |
| Impression Share | 85–95% | 40–70% | N/A for PMax | Budget or bid too low; Quality Score issue on Search |
| CTR | 10–20% | 3–8% | Varies by placement | Ad copy weak or assets not resonating with audience |
| Conversion Rate | 5–15% | 1–4% | Varies | Landing page friction or mismatch between ad and page |
Lost to Budget
Increase Daily Budget
Your ads stop showing because the daily budget runs out. For brand campaigns, any impression share lost to budget is a priority fix — these are your highest-converting queries and you are turning away interested buyers.
Lost to Rank
Improve Quality Score or Bids
Your ads are not competitive enough to win the auction. Either bids are too low or Quality Score is dragging down Ad Rank. Diagnose at keyword level — find where Quality Score is below 7 and fix the weakest component first.
Compare Platform ROAS to Blended MER
Pull total Google Ads spend and compare against total Shopify revenue for the same period. If Google's reported ROAS is 6x but your blended MER is 2.5x, Google is over-claiming attribution. Adjust your tROAS targets upward to compensate for the inflation.
Review Search Term Reports
Add new negatives from irrelevant queries. Identify high-performing terms not covered by existing keywords and add them explicitly. This is the single highest-value 20-minute task in Search campaign management.
Audit PMax Channel Split
Check Insights tab for PMax channel distribution. If Shopping is below 60%, review feed quality. If YouTube or Display spend is high, add audience exclusions or improve asset group creative to redirect toward higher-intent placements.
Review Asset Performance
In PMax, check which assets are rated Best, Good, or Low. Replace low-rated assets with fresh variations — do not delete without a replacement already uploaded. In Search, check Ad Strength on all RSAs.
Auction Insights
Review who you are competing against and at what impression share. A rising competitor impression share explains sudden CPC increases. Use this to inform budget decisions and identify where to defend or where to accept losing ground.
Google's data-driven attribution model consistently over-reports Google's contribution to revenue. Always triangulate: Google Ads dashboard, GA4 assisted conversions, and Shopify revenue. The gap between Google's reported ROAS and your actual blended MER is your attribution inflation number. Track it monthly and factor it into every tROAS decision.
For You?
We manage Google Ads for growth-stage DTC brands across fashion, fragrance, and fitness. Proper structure, smart bidding, and creative that actually converts.
Google Ads Management
Full account setup, PMax structure, Search campaigns, and monthly optimisation.
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