01 / 07

Account Structure

Clean structure is the foundation. A messy account fragments data, confuses the algorithm, and makes optimisation nearly impossible.

Google's AI-driven bidding systems learn from conversion data. The more consolidated your account structure, the more data each campaign accumulates, and the better the algorithm performs. Accounts with too many campaigns chasing the same goal split their signal, starve the algorithm, and spend more to achieve less. In 2026, the right structure is fewer campaigns with clearer roles — not granular segmentation that made sense in the manual bidding era.

The 2026 Power Pack

Google introduced the Power Pack at Google Marketing Live 2025 — combining Performance Max, Demand Gen, and AI Max for Search. It replaces the old Power Pair model and represents how Google now recommends running accounts. Understanding each campaign type's role prevents overlap, budget waste, and conflicting signals.

Campaign Type Decision Matrix
Campaign Type
Primary Role
When to Use
When to Avoid
Search
Capture high-intent demand — people actively searching for your product or brand
Always — your control layer. Brand terms, category terms, competitor terms.
Never eliminate. Search gives you query-level data PMax cannot.
Performance Max
Full-funnel AI-driven reach across Search, Shopping, YouTube, Display, Gmail, Maps
Use once you have 30+ conversions/month and a clean product feed
Avoid as a starting point. PMax without conversion history is inefficient.
AI Max for Search
Keyword-free Search using Gemini AI — finds intent matches beyond your keyword list
Test with 500+ monthly conversions and stable tROAS history
Not yet for smaller accounts — insufficient data for the AI to function
Demand Gen
Mid-funnel awareness on YouTube, Discover, Gmail — bridges social and search intent
Add once Search and PMax are stable and you want to scale reach
Not a priority for accounts under £5k/month spend
Standard Shopping
Manual control over individual product bids and queries
Use for brand protection, high-margin SKU defence, and new product data gathering
Not your primary growth engine in 2026 — PMax has more reach
Naming Convention
LevelFormatExample
Campaign[Type] | [Goal] | [Product / Audience]Search | Brand | Core Terms
Campaign[Type] | [Goal] | [Product / Audience]PMax | Shopping | Top Margin SKUs
Ad Group[Category] — [Intent]Fragrance — Purchase Intent
Asset Group[Product Line] — [Audience Signal]Oud Collection — Past Purchasers
Conversion Tracking

Every strategy in this playbook depends on accurate conversion tracking. PMax, tROAS, smart bidding, AI Max — all are only as good as the data you feed them. Garbage conversion tracking means the algorithm optimises toward the wrong outcomes and never exits the learning phase cleanly.

01

Use Google Ads Native Conversion Tracking

Google Ads native tracking captures more events than GA4 imports due to different attribution models. Connect both but treat Google Ads native tags as your primary source for bidding signals.

02

Pass Revenue Value on Every Purchase

Pass the actual order value on every conversion, not a fixed placeholder. This is what enables tROAS bidding to function correctly. If your Purchase event passes £1 every time regardless of order size, tROAS is bidding blind.

03

Enable Enhanced Conversions

Enhanced conversions match hashed first-party data to Google's user graph, recovering conversions lost to browser restrictions. Accounts running enhanced conversions see 15–25% more purchase events reported. Set up via Google Tag Manager.

04

One Primary Conversion Action Per Campaign

Multiple conversion actions in one campaign confuse the algorithm. Set Purchase as your primary action for ecommerce. Add to Cart and Begin Checkout should be secondary only — observed, not optimised toward.

Section 1 Checklist0 / 7
Google Ads conversion tag installed and firing on order confirmation page
Revenue value passed dynamically on every Purchase conversion event
Enhanced conversions configured via Google Tag Manager
GA4 linked to Google Ads for cross-channel reporting
Campaign naming convention documented and applied consistently
Purchase set as primary conversion action — Add to Cart set as secondary only
Merchant Center linked to Google Ads and product feed approved
02 / 07

Search Campaigns

The highest-intent channel in paid media. People searching for your product are already in a buying mindset. The query-level transparency Search provides is something PMax will never give you.

Search campaigns remain the foundation of any Google Ads account in 2026. While PMax handles scale and automation across channels, Search gives you query-level transparency, keyword control, and brand protection. Running Search and PMax together consistently outperforms either in isolation — Search campaigns have higher conversion rates when both are eligible for the same queries, and the data from Search informs the algorithm running PMax.

Campaign Structure

Brand Campaign

Always On, Always Separate

Your brand campaign captures people searching your brand name — your highest-converting queries. Keep them in a dedicated campaign so budget is never competed away by non-brand terms. Apply brand exclusions to your PMax campaign to prevent cannibalisation.

  • Exact and phrase match brand terms only
  • Target impression share 90%+ — dominate your own brand
  • Exclude from PMax via brand exclusion lists
  • Manual CPC or target impression share bidding

Non-Brand Campaign

Category and Intent Terms

Captures people searching for what you sell without knowing your brand. Higher CPCs, lower CVRs than brand, but essential for new customer acquisition. Structure by product category or intent level.

  • Broad match with Smart Bidding — Google's 2026 recommendation
  • Phrase match for specific high-value terms requiring more control
  • Account-level negative keyword list applied at all times
  • tROAS bidding once 50+ conversions/month established
Match Types in 2026
Match TypeHow It Works in 2026RecommendationBest For
Broad MatchMatches related searches, synonyms, and intent signals beyond exact wording. Significantly expanded in recent years.Primary — always pair with tROAS or tCPAScale, discovery, non-brand campaigns
Phrase MatchMatches queries containing your phrase in order, with words before or afterSelective — for specific high-value termsCategory terms requiring more control
Exact MatchMatches close variants of the exact term onlyBrand terms and highest-intent queries onlyBrand campaign defence
Quality Score Diagnostic

Quality Score is Google's 1–10 rating of your ad relevance. A higher score means lower CPCs and better ad positions for the same bid. A score of 10 can reduce CPC by up to 50% vs a score of 5. A score of 1 can increase CPC by 400%. It is calculated across three components — low performance on any of them costs money on every single click.

1–3
Expected CTR
Your ads are not clicked relative to their position. Fix: rewrite headlines to directly match the search term. Include the keyword in Headline 1.
4–6
Ad Relevance
Ad copy does not closely match search intent. Fix: tighter ad groups with one theme per group. Include keyword in headline and description.
7–10
Landing Page Experience
Google assesses page speed, mobile experience, and content relevance. Fix: match landing page content to ad copy. Load time must be under 3 seconds.
Responsive Search Ads
Asset TypeBest PracticeWhat to Avoid
Headlines (up to 15)Include keyword in at least 3. Mix: brand name, benefit, offer, urgency, social proof, product nameRepetition. Vague phrases like "Shop Now" used as a headline with no context.
Descriptions (up to 4)Expand on headlines. Address objections, include USPs, end with a CTA. Use all 90 characters.Repeating headline content. Leaving descriptions short without reason.
PinningPin your brand name to position 1. Pin a strong USP or offer to position 2 if critical.Over-pinning. Pins reduce Google's testing ability and can hurt Ad Strength.
Section 2 Checklist0 / 7
Dedicated brand campaign live with exact match brand terms
Brand campaign excluded from PMax via brand exclusion lists
Non-brand campaign using broad match with tROAS bidding
Account-level negative keyword list applied — minimum 20 irrelevant terms excluded
All RSAs have Ad Strength of "Good" or "Excellent"
Quality Score reviewed at keyword level — below 5 flagged for improvement
Search term report reviewed weekly — negatives added, new keywords identified
03 / 07

Shopping & PMax

Performance Max accounts for 62% of all Google ad clicks in 2026. Understanding how to structure, feed, and control it is the difference between efficient scaling and wasted budget.

Performance Max is not a set-and-forget campaign. It is a mirror — it amplifies whatever you feed it. Good strategy, clean feed, strong creative assets, and proper audience signals produce strong results. A single catch-all campaign with weak assets and no signals produces mediocre results regardless of budget. The brands winning with PMax treat it as an active system to guide, not a passive automation to trust blindly.

Product Feed Optimisation
Feed AttributeWhy It MattersOptimisation Action
TitlePrimary signal Google uses to match your product to search queriesLead with the most important keywords: [Brand] + [Product Type] + [Key Attribute]. Front-load the first 70 characters.
DescriptionSecondary matching signal and ad copy for ShoppingInclude product benefits, key specs, and use case. Write for the customer, not just for crawlers.
ImagesDetermines CTR in Shopping resultsWhite background for Shopping placements. Lifestyle images for PMax asset groups. Minimum 7 images including one at 1200x1200.
Custom LabelsAllows segmentation by business criteria — margin, seasonality, performance tierLabel by margin tier, bestseller status, seasonal relevance. Use to structure asset groups intelligently.
GTIN / MPNImproves product matching accuracy and Shopping eligibilityAlways include for branded products. Missing GTINs reduce eligibility and limit impression volume.
Recommended PMax Structure

Campaign 1

Top SKUs by Margin

Your highest-margin products in a dedicated PMax campaign. Higher tROAS target. Enable Customer Acquisition Goal to bias toward new customers.

  • Top 20% of SKUs by margin
  • Custom label: margin-tier = high
  • tROAS: 500%+ where margin supports it
  • 60–80% of total PMax budget

Campaign 2

Remaining Catalogue

Broader catalogue at a more conservative tROAS. Protects blended margin while maintaining impression coverage across your full product range.

  • All SKUs not in Campaign 1
  • tROAS: 350–400% as a conservative baseline
  • Monitor channel split — Shopping should be 60–80%
  • 20–30% of total PMax budget

Standard Shopping

Brand + Data Gathering

Manual CPC control for brand queries and zero-impression SKUs. Use Standard Shopping to build click data on new products before adding to PMax.

  • Brand terms — manual CPC, priority: High
  • New or zero-impression SKUs — Maximise Clicks
  • Clearance or low-margin products
  • Set campaign priority High to override PMax on brand
PMax Control Levers
01

Brand Exclusions

Apply brand exclusion lists at campaign level to prevent PMax bidding on brand terms. Without this, PMax bids aggressively on brand queries — they convert easily — and inflates your reported ROAS while contributing nothing to actual new customer acquisition.

02

Campaign-Level Negative Keywords

Available since January 2025 — up to 10,000 per PMax campaign. Use immediately. Exclude irrelevant intent terms, competitor brand names you don't want to appear for, and known waste queries from your Search term history.

03

Asset Group Segmentation

Create separate asset groups for different product lines or audience signals. One catch-all asset group produces generic ad combinations. Segmented asset groups produce relevant ones that match products to audiences properly.

04

Monitor Channel Split

Check the Insights tab regularly. In a healthy ecommerce PMax campaign, 60–80% of spend should flow to Shopping. If Display or YouTube is eating disproportionate budget, your Shopping feed needs work — the algorithm gravitates to awareness channels when the feed is weak.

05

Customer Acquisition Goal

Enable "Bid more for new customers" to instruct PMax to pay a premium for new buyer acquisition. Without this, PMax over-indexes on existing customers who were going to buy anyway, masking true acquisition efficiency in reported ROAS.

The Learning Phase

PMax requires 30+ conversions per month before tROAS functions efficiently. Below this, use Maximise Conversion Value without a tROAS target. Google recommends a 3-week runway and 60-conversion threshold before any tROAS or budget edits. Consolidate changes — batch edits, not daily tweaks. Patience is the most underrated PMax optimisation lever.

Section 3 Checklist0 / 7
Feed titles front-loaded — Brand + Product Type + Key Attribute in first 70 characters
Custom labels applied to segment by margin tier and bestseller status
PMax structured into at least two campaigns — top-margin SKUs separate from broader catalogue
Brand exclusion list applied to all PMax campaigns
Campaign-level negative keywords added — minimum 20 irrelevant terms
PMax channel split checked — Shopping at 60–80% of spend
Customer Acquisition Goal enabled on top-SKU PMax campaign
04 / 07

Audiences & Remarketing

In Google Ads, audiences are guidance signals, not restrictions. Used correctly they make bidding smarter, creative more relevant, and spend more efficient.

Google's audience system has two distinct uses. In Search and Standard Shopping, audiences are bid modifiers — you bid more or less based on who is searching. In PMax, audience signals are suggestions to the AI: you are showing the algorithm what high-value customers look like so it can find similar people faster. Understanding this distinction prevents the common mistake of treating PMax audience signals like Meta targeting.

Core Audiences to Build
AudienceSourcePrimary UsePurpose
Customer Match — All PurchasersCRM or Klaviyo export (email, phone)PMax signals, Search bid modifierHighest-quality signal. Teach PMax what a buyer looks like.
Customer Match — High ValueTop 20% of customers by LTVPMax signals onlySignal for new customer acquisition — find people like your best buyers.
Site Visitors — AllGoogle tag — all pagesRLSA bid modifier, PMax signalBid higher on Search for visitors already familiar with the brand.
Cart AbandonersGoogle tag — AddToCart eventRLSA, Remarketing campaignHighest-intent remarketing segment. Separate budget, aggressive bids.
In-Market SegmentsGoogle's audience databasePMax signals, Demand GenPeople actively researching your product category — supplementary signal.
RLSA Bid Modifiers

Recommended Bid Adjustments

  • Cart abandoners: +40–60% — highest intent, closest to purchase
  • Past purchasers: +20–30% — repeat purchase potential
  • Site visitors (0–7 days): +15–25%
  • Site visitors (8–30 days): +5–10%
  • No prior visit: Baseline bid, no adjustment

Remarketing Windows

  • Hot (cart/checkout abandon): 1–7 days, daily frequency acceptable
  • Warm (product page views): 7–30 days
  • Cold (any site visit): 30–90 days, lower bids justified
  • Exclude recent purchasers (14-day window) from all acquisition campaigns
Section 4 Checklist0 / 7
Customer Match list uploaded — purchasers from CRM or Klaviyo export
High-value customer list uploaded separately for PMax acquisition signals
Site visitor audiences created with 7, 30, and 90-day windows
Cart abandoner audience applied to Search with +40–60% bid modifier
Recent purchasers excluded from acquisition campaigns — 14-day exclusion window
All customer match and remarketing lists added as PMax audience signals
Customer list exclusion applied to PMax — separates acquisition from retention reporting
05 / 07

Bidding Strategy

Smart bidding outperforms manual by 38% on average — but only when you have the data and the patience to let it work properly.

Around 70% of all Google Ads spend now flows through automated bidding strategies. The era of manual keyword-level bid management is over for most accounts. The question in 2026 is not whether to use smart bidding, but which strategy to use, when to switch, and how to set targets calibrated to your actual margin structure rather than aspirational goals.

Strategy Selection
StrategyUse WhenAvoid WhenEcommerce Fit
tROAS50+ conversions/month, revenue tracked per orderNew campaigns with no conversion historyPrimary — optimises for revenue efficiency
Maximise Conversion ValueLaunching new campaigns, insufficient tROAS historyOnce stable tROAS history exists to referenceStarting point before switching to tROAS
tCPASingle-price products, uniform-value conversionsVariable order values — treats all conversions as equalLimited use for ecommerce
Maximise ConversionsVery new campaigns under 30 conversions/monthAny account with sufficient conversion volumeTemporary only — no value optimisation
Manual CPCBrand impression share defence, new product data gatheringScale campaigns — cannot react to real-time signalsTactical only
Setting and Scaling tROAS
01

Calculate Break-Even ROAS First

Your tROAS floor is your break-even point. If average gross margin is 40%, break-even ROAS is 250% (1 / 0.4). Your target must sit above this. Set based on margin reality, not competitor benchmarks or aspirational goals.

02

Start at Your Current ROAS

Pull actual ROAS from the last 30 days. Set your tROAS target at that level or 10% above. This gives the algorithm a realistic target it can achieve while gathering data. Setting an aspirational target starves the campaign of impressions.

03

Increase in 10–20% Increments

Once the campaign consistently hits target for 2+ weeks, increase tROAS by 10–20% and wait another 2 weeks before the next increase. Every upward adjustment trades volume for efficiency — make it consciously.

04

Never Edit During Learning

Any significant budget change, tROAS adjustment, or campaign edit triggers a new 3-week learning phase. Batch changes rather than making daily tweaks. One well-considered edit every 2–3 weeks is more effective than continuous micro-optimisation.

4.05x
Avg Ecommerce ROAS
Google Search 2025 benchmark
+38%
tROAS vs Manual CPC
Average improvement Q1 2026
50+
Monthly Conversions
Needed before tROAS functions well
3 weeks
Learning Runway
Minimum before editing targets or budgets
Smart Bidding Exploration — New in 2025

Smart Bidding Exploration lets you set a flexible ROAS range (e.g. primary tROAS 400%, exploration floor 350%). The algorithm uses the headroom to discover new query categories at slightly lower returns. Accounts using this feature see an average 18% increase in unique converting query categories and 19% more total conversions. Recommended for campaigns with 3+ months of stable history and 50+ conversions/month.

Section 5 Checklist0 / 6
Break-even ROAS calculated from actual gross margin — not estimated
tROAS targets set at or near current performance — not aspirational
New campaigns launching with Maximise Conversion Value before switching to tROAS
tROAS increases batched in 10–20% increments with 2-week evaluation windows
No significant changes made during learning phase — first 3 weeks of any campaign
Smart Bidding Exploration considered for stable campaigns with 3+ months of history
06 / 07

Creative & Assets

PMax is only as good as what you feed it. Creative is the primary input you control — the algorithm chooses combinations, but you decide the quality of what it has to work with.

Google's Asset Studio now generates images and video inside Google Ads using AI. Auto-generated assets are fine for generic lifestyle imagery but consistently underperform custom creative, especially for brands with a specific visual identity. Stores that add video to their PMax asset groups see 25–40% better performance — even a 15-second product demo shot on a phone outperforms a slideshow auto-generated from product images.

PMax Asset Requirements
Asset TypeMinimumRecommendedNotes
Images — Landscape (1.91:1)15+Lifestyle outperforms plain product on Display and YouTube placements
Images — Square (1:1)15+At least one 1200x1200. Used across multiple placement types.
Images — Portrait (4:5)03+Essential for YouTube vertical and Discover placements — don't skip these
Videos03+Provide horizontal (16:9), vertical (9:16), and square (1:1). Without video Google auto-generates — always avoid this.
Headlines35Vary length and angle. Include brand name, product type, and key benefit across the set.
Descriptions24Expand on headlines. Include USPs, trust signals, and a clear CTA.
Ad Assets (Extensions)

Always Active

Core Assets

  • Sitelinks — 4+ linking to key category and product pages
  • Callouts — USPs like "Free Returns", "Next Day Delivery", "UK Made"
  • Structured Snippets — product categories, collections, types
  • Image Assets — product and lifestyle shots across all placements

Ecommerce Priority

Conversion Assets

  • Price Assets — show product prices directly in the ad unit
  • Promotion Assets — sale events, seasonal offers, limited drops
  • Seller Ratings — requires Google Customer Reviews setup
  • Business Name and Logo — brand consistency across Search

Quality Signals

Supporting Assets

  • Location — if you have a physical presence or showroom
  • Call — for phone-driven or high-consideration purchases
  • Dynamic Assets — Google pulls from landing page, review quarterly
  • Lead Form — for email capture campaigns alongside product ads

"Auto-generated creative is not the same as custom creative. Never let Google create your assets by default — provide video in all three ratios and treat creative quality as the primary PMax lever you actually control."

Section 6 Checklist0 / 7
PMax asset groups have minimum 7 images including at least one 1200x1200
Custom video uploaded per asset group — not auto-generated by Google
Videos provided in all three ratios: 16:9, 9:16, and 1:1
All Search campaigns have sitelinks, callouts, and structured snippets active
Price assets added to Search campaigns showing key product prices
RSA Ad Strength is "Good" or "Excellent" on all active ads
Asset performance reviewed monthly — low-rated assets replaced before deleting the old ones
07 / 07

Analytics & Optimisation

What to measure, how to read Google's data honestly, and the monthly review process that keeps performance compounding.

Google Ads platform attribution is inflated by default. Google's last-click and data-driven models take credit for conversions that would have happened anyway — particularly on brand campaigns and remarketing. Always cross-reference platform ROAS with GA4 and your Shopify revenue. The number that matters is blended MER (Marketing Efficiency Ratio): total revenue divided by total ad spend, not the ROAS figure inside any single platform.

Key Metrics by Campaign Type
MetricBrand SearchNon-Brand SearchPMaxWhat Low Numbers Mean
ROAS10x+3–6x4–8xBid strategy misconfigured or audience signals weak
Impression Share85–95%40–70%N/A for PMaxBudget or bid too low; Quality Score issue on Search
CTR10–20%3–8%Varies by placementAd copy weak or assets not resonating with audience
Conversion Rate5–15%1–4%VariesLanding page friction or mismatch between ad and page
Search Impression Share

Lost to Budget

Increase Daily Budget

Your ads stop showing because the daily budget runs out. For brand campaigns, any impression share lost to budget is a priority fix — these are your highest-converting queries and you are turning away interested buyers.

Lost to Rank

Improve Quality Score or Bids

Your ads are not competitive enough to win the auction. Either bids are too low or Quality Score is dragging down Ad Rank. Diagnose at keyword level — find where Quality Score is below 7 and fix the weakest component first.

Monthly Review Framework
01

Compare Platform ROAS to Blended MER

Pull total Google Ads spend and compare against total Shopify revenue for the same period. If Google's reported ROAS is 6x but your blended MER is 2.5x, Google is over-claiming attribution. Adjust your tROAS targets upward to compensate for the inflation.

02

Review Search Term Reports

Add new negatives from irrelevant queries. Identify high-performing terms not covered by existing keywords and add them explicitly. This is the single highest-value 20-minute task in Search campaign management.

03

Audit PMax Channel Split

Check Insights tab for PMax channel distribution. If Shopping is below 60%, review feed quality. If YouTube or Display spend is high, add audience exclusions or improve asset group creative to redirect toward higher-intent placements.

04

Review Asset Performance

In PMax, check which assets are rated Best, Good, or Low. Replace low-rated assets with fresh variations — do not delete without a replacement already uploaded. In Search, check Ad Strength on all RSAs.

05

Auction Insights

Review who you are competing against and at what impression share. A rising competitor impression share explains sudden CPC increases. Use this to inform budget decisions and identify where to defend or where to accept losing ground.

Attribution Warning

Google's data-driven attribution model consistently over-reports Google's contribution to revenue. Always triangulate: Google Ads dashboard, GA4 assisted conversions, and Shopify revenue. The gap between Google's reported ROAS and your actual blended MER is your attribution inflation number. Track it monthly and factor it into every tROAS decision.

Section 7 Checklist0 / 7
Blended MER calculated monthly — total revenue vs total Google Ads spend
Search term report reviewed weekly — negatives added, new keywords identified
Brand campaign impression share tracked — target 85–95%
PMax channel split reviewed monthly via Insights tab
PMax asset ratings reviewed — low-rated assets replaced, not deleted without replacement
Auction Insights checked for rising competitor impression share
Monthly review completed and next month priorities documented
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